Stock Ticker

Intersectional impact of cash transfers on AIDS among 12.3 million Brazilian women

  • Wambura, M. et al. Cash transfer to adolescent girls and young women to reduce sexual risk behavior (CARE): protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. JMIR Res. Protoc. 8, e14696 (2019).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rasella, D., Aquino, R., Santos, C. A. T., Paes-Sousa, R. & Barreto, M. L. Effect of a conditional cash transfer programme on childhood mortality: a nationwide analysis of Brazilian municipalities. Lancet 382, 57–64 (2013).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hargreaves, J. R., Davey, C. & White, R. G. Does the ‘inverse equity hypothesis’ explain how both poverty and wealth can be associated with HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa? J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health 67, 526–529 (2013).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Ranganathan, M. & Lagarde, M. Promoting healthy behaviours and improving health outcomes in low and middle income countries: a review of the impact of conditional cash transfer programmes. Prev. Med. 55, S95–S105 (2012).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Global HIV & AIDS Statistics—Fact Sheet (UNAIDS, 2024); https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet

  • Stoner, M. C. D., Kilburn, K., Godfrey-Faussett, P., Ghys, P. & Pettifor, A. E. Cash transfers for HIV prevention: a systematic review. PLoS Med. 18, e1003866 (2021).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liu, J. X. et al. Conditional cash transfers to prevent mother-to-child transmission in low facility-delivery settings: evidence from a randomised controlled trial in Nigeria. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 19, 1–12 (2019).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Handa, S., Halpern, C. T., Pettifor, A. & Thirumurthy, H. The Government of Kenya’s cash transfer program reduces the risk of sexual debut among young people age 15–25. PLoS ONE 9, e85473 (2014).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Baird, S. J., Garfein, R. S., McIntosh, C. T. & Özler, B. Effect of a cash transfer programme for schooling on prevalence of HIV and herpes simplex type 2 in Malawi: a cluster randomised trial. Lancet 379, 1320–1329 (2012).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Heise, L., Lutz, B., Ranganathan, M. & Watts, C. Cash transfers for HIV prevention: considering their potential. J. Int. AIDS Soc. 16, 18615 (2013).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pettifor, A. et al. The effect of a conditional cash transfer on HIV incidence in young women in rural South Africa (HPTN 068): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Glob. Health 4, e978–e988 (2016).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Richterman, A. & Thirumurthy, H. The effects of cash transfer programmes on HIV-related outcomes in 42 countries from 1996 to 2019. Nat. Hum. Behav. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01414-7 (2022).

  • de Walque, D., Fernald, L., Gertler, P. & Hidrobo, M. in Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 8): Child and Adolescent Health and Development (eds Bundy, D. A. P. et al.) 325–342 (World Bank Group, 2017); https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0423-6_CH23

  • Fenton, L. Preventing HIV/AIDS through poverty reduction: the only sustainable solution? Lancet 364, 1186–1187 (2004).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Boletim Epidemiológico HIV/Aids 2022 (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, 2022).

  • Galea, J. T., Baruch, R. & Brown, B. PrEP Ya! Latin America wants PrEP, and Brazil leads the way. Lancet HIV 5, e110–e112 (2018).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pescarini, J. M. et al. Effect of a conditional cash transfer programme on leprosy treatment adherence and cure in patients from the nationwide 100 Million Brazilian Cohort: a quasi-experimental study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 20, 618–627 (2020).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jesus, G. S. et al. The effect of primary health care on tuberculosis in a nationwide cohort of 7·3 million Brazilian people: a quasi-experimental study. Lancet Glob. Health 10, e390–e397 (2022).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bowleg, L. The problem with the phrase women and minorities: intersectionality—an important theoretical framework for public health. Am. J. Public Health 102, 1267–1273 (2012).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bauer, G. R. Incorporating intersectionality theory into population health research methodology: challenges and the potential to advance health equity. Soc. Sci. Med. 110, 10–17 (2014).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Barreto, M. L. et al. Cohort profile: the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort. Int. J. Epidemiol. 51, 27–38 (2021).

  • Unified Registry (WWP, 2024); http://wwp.org.br/en/social-policy/unified-registry/

  • Ministério da Saúde (DATASUS, 2024); https://datasus.saude.gov.br/

  • Pita, R. et al. On the accuracy and scalability of probabilistic data linkage over the Brazilian 114 Million Cohort. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inf. 22, 346–353 (2018).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Nery, J. S. et al. Effect of Brazil’s conditional cash transfer programme on tuberculosis incidence. Int. J. Tuberculosis Lung Dis. 21, 790–796 (2017).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • De Walque, D. et al. Incentivising safe sex: a randomised trial of conditional cash transfers for HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention in rural Tanzania. BMJ Open 2, e000747 (2012).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fahey, C. A. et al. Durability of effects from short-term economic incentives for clinic attendance among HIV positive adults in Tanzania: long-term follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Glob. Health 6, e007248 (2021).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • de Sampaio Morais, G. A. et al. Effect of a conditional cash transfer programme on AIDS incidence, hospitalisations, and mortality in Brazil: a longitudinal ecological study. Lancet HIV 9, e690–e699 (2022).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ranganathan, M. et al. Transactional sex among adolescent girls and young women enrolled in a cash plus intervention in rural Tanzania: a mixed‐methods study. J. Int. AIDS Soc. 25, 26038 (2022).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Lua, I. et al. The effects of social determinants of health on acquired immune deficiency syndrome in a low-income population of Brazil: a retrospective cohort study of 28.3 million individuals. Lancet Reg. Health Am. 24, 100554 (2023).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sunil, T. S. & Xu, X. Substance abuse and HIV/STD prevention at a Hispanic-serving institution in South Texas: a study of racial/ethnic and gender heterogeneity and intersectionality. J. Ethn. Subst. Abuse 20, 257–274 (2021).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Longman Marcellin, R., Bauer, G. R. & Scheim, A. I. Intersecting impacts of transphobia and racism on HIV risk among trans persons of colour in Ontario, Canada. Ethn. Inequal. Health Soc. Care 6, 97–107 (2013).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Miller, S., Johnson, N. & Wherry, L. R. Medicaid and mortality: new evidence from linked survey and administrative data. Q. J. Econ. 136, 1783–1829 (2021).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Sommers, B. D., Maylone, B., Blendon, R. J., John Orav, E. & Epstein, A. M. Three-year impacts of the affordable care act: Improved medical care and health among low-income adults. Health Aff. 36, 1119–1128 (2017).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Hone, T. et al. Primary healthcare expansion and mortality in Brazil’s urban poor: a cohort analysis of 1.2 million adults. PLoS Med. 17, 1–20 (2020).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Pinto, P. F. P. S. et al. The impact of primary health care on AIDS incidence and mortality: a cohort study of 3.4 million Brazilians. PLoS Med. 21, e1004302 (2024).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jesus, G. S. et al. Effects of conditional cash transfers on tuberculosis incidence and mortality according to race, ethnicity and socioeconomic factors in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort. Nat. Med. 31, 653–662 (2025).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Silva, A. F. et al. Income determines the impact of cash transfers on HIV/AIDS: cohort study of 22.7 million Brazilians. Nat. Commun. 15, 1307 (2024).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Victora, C. G. et al. The inverse equity hypothesis: analyses of institutional deliveries in 286 national surveys. Am. J. Public Health 108, 464 (2018).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Boletim Bolsa Família e Cadastro Único n°66 (Ministério da Cidadania, 2020).

  • Sanni Ali, M. et al. Administrative data linkage in Brazil: potentials for health technology assessment. Front. Pharm. 10, 1–20 (2019).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Pinto, C. et al. Probabilistic integration of large Brazilian socioeconomic and clinical databases. In Proc. IEEE Symp. Comput. Based Med Syst. 515–520 (IEEE, 2017).

  • Barreto, M. et al. Assessing the accuracy of probabilistic record linkage of social and health databases in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort. Int J. Popul. Data Sci. 1, 276 (2017).

    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pita, R. et al. Design and evaluation of probabilistic record linkage methods supporting the Brazilian 100-million cohort initiative. Int J. Popul. Data Sci. 1, 23889 (2017).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Lindert, K., Linder, A., Hobbs, J. & De La Brière, B. The Nuts and Bolts of Brazil’s Bolsa Família Program: Implementing Conditional Cash Transfers in a Decentralized Context (World Bank, 2007).

  • Chesnaye, N. C. et al. An introduction to inverse probability of treatment weighting in observational research. Clin. Kidney J. https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfab158 (2021).

  • Austin, P. C. & Stuart, E. A. Moving towards best practice when using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score to estimate causal treatment effects in observational studies. Stat. Med. 34, 3661–3679 (2015).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lever, J., Krzywinski, M. & Altman, N. Points of significance: logistic regression. Nat. Methods 13, 541–542 (2016).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Agresti, A. Categorical Data Analysis (John Wiley & Sons, 2018).

  • Ali, M. S. et al. Propensity score methods in health technology assessment: principles, extended applications, and recent advances. Front. Pharm. 10, 973 (2019).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Lee, B. K., Lessler, J. & Stuart, E. A. Weight trimming and propensity score weighting. PLoS ONE 6, e18174 (2011).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lawlor, D. A., Tilling, K. & Smith, G. D. Approaches to causal inference triangulation in aetiological epidemiology. Int. J. Epidemiol. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw314 (2016).

  • Source link

    Get RawNews Daily

    Stay informed with our RawNews daily newsletter email

    Liverpool defender left out of World Cup squad

    Madonna Covering Rent For Musicians Working At Her Old NYC Rehearsal Space

    Up 16.5%! Here’s why Hollywood Bowl stock smashed the FTSE 250 today

    Trump says Iran would not get sanctions relief in exchange for giving up enriched uranium