Stock Ticker

A novel nanoparticle vaccine displaying multistage tuberculosis antigens confers protection in mice infected with H37Rv

  • Hosseinpoor, A. R. et al. Monitoring inequalities is a key part of the efforts to end AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. Lancet 399, 1208–1210 (2022).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Fernandes, G. F. S., Thompson, A. M., Castagnolo, D., Denny, W. A. & Dos Santos, J. L. Tuberculosis drug discovery: challenges and new horizons. J. Med. Chem. 65, 7489–7531 (2022).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lange, C. et al. Drug-resistant tuberculosis: An update on disease burden, diagnosis and treatment. Respirology 23, 656–673 (2018).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Wang, H. et al. Enhancing TB vaccine efficacy: current progress on vaccines, adjuvants and immunization strategies. Vaccines 12, 38 (2023).

  • Zhuang, L., Ye, Z., Li, L., Yang, L. & Gong, W. Next-generation TB vaccines: progress, challenges, and prospects. Vaccines 11, 1304 (2023).

  • Andersen, P. & Doherty, T. M. The success and failure of BCG – implications for a novel tuberculosis vaccine. Nat. Rev. Microbiol 3, 656–662 (2005).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fine, P. E. The BCG story: lessons from the past and implications for the future. Rev. Infect. Dis. 11, S353–S359 (1989).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Poyntz, H. C. et al. Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria have diverse effects on BCG efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis 94, 226–237 (2014).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Fatima, S., Kumari, A., Das, G. & Dwivedi, V. P. Tuberculosis vaccine: a journey from BCG to present. Life Sci. 252, 117594 (2020).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Brandt, L. et al. Failure of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine: some species of environmental Mycobacteria block multiplication of BCG and induction of protective immunity to tuberculosis. Infect. Immun. 70, 672–678 (2002).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Scriba, T. J., Netea, M. G. & Ginsberg, A. M. Key recent advances in TB vaccine development and understanding of protective immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Semin Immunol. 50, 101431 (2020).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tait, D. R. et al. Final analysis of a trial of M72/AS01(E) vaccine to prevent tuberculosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 381, 2429–2439 (2019).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Schrager, L. K., Vekemens, J., Drager, N., Lewinsohn, D. M. & Olesen, O. F. The status of tuberculosis vaccine development. Lancet Infect. Dis. 20, e28–e37 (2020).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lu, L. L. et al. A functional role for antibodies in tuberculosis. Cell 167, 433–443.e414 (2016).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Urdahl, K. B., Shafiani, S. & Ernst, J. D. Initiation and regulation of T-cell responses in tuberculosis. Mucosal Immunol. 4, 288–293 (2011).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Luabeya, A. K. et al. First-in-human trial of the post-exposure tuberculosis vaccine H56:IC31 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected and non-infected healthy adults. Vaccine 33, 4130–4140 (2015).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Coccia, M. et al. Cellular and molecular synergy in AS01-adjuvanted vaccines results in an early IFN gamma response promoting vaccine immunogenicity. NPJ Vaccines 2, 25 (2017).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Schellack, C. et al. IC31, a novel adjuvant signaling via TLR9, induces potent cellular and humoral immune responses. Vaccine 24, 5461–5472 (2006).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Seydoux, E. et al. Effective combination adjuvants engage both TLR and inflammasome pathways to promote potent adaptive immune responses. J. Immunol. 201, 98–112 (2018).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gillard, P. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of the M72/AS01E candidate tuberculosis vaccine in adults with tuberculosis: a phase II randomised study. Tuberculosis 100, 118–127 (2016).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Penn-Nicholson, A. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of the novel tuberculosis vaccine ID93 + GLA-SE in BCG-vaccinated healthy adults in South Africa: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial. Lancet Respir. Med. 6, 287–298 (2018).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tkachuk, A. P. et al. Multi-subunit BCG booster vaccine GamTBvac: assessment of immunogenicity and protective efficacy in murine and guinea pig TB models. PLoS One 12, e0176784 (2017).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhao, L. et al. Nanoparticle vaccines. Vaccine 32, 327–337 (2014).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Gomes, A. C., Mohsen, M. & Bachmann, M. F. Harnessing nanoparticles for immunomodulation and vaccines. Vaccines 5, 6 (2017).

  • Engeroff, P. & Bachmann, M. F. The 5th virus-like particle and nano-particle vaccines (VLPNPV) conference. Expert Rev. Vaccines 18, 1–3 (2019).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nooraei, S. et al. Virus-like particles: preparation, immunogenicity and their roles as nanovaccines and drug nanocarriers. J. Nanobiotechnol. 19, 59 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kanekiyo, M. et al. Rational design of an Epstein-Barr virus vaccine targeting the receptor-binding site. Cell 162, 1090–1100 (2015).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Marcandalli, J. et al. Induction of potent neutralizing antibody responses by a designed protein nanoparticle vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus. Cell 176, 1420–1431.e1417 (2019).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Li, Y. et al. An RBD virus-like particle vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 induces cross-variant antibody responses in mice and macaques. Signal. Transduct. Target Ther. 8, 173 (2023).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Huzair, F. & Sturdy, S. Biotechnology and the transformation of vaccine innovation: the case of the hepatitis B vaccines 1968-2000. Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. 64, 11–21 (2017).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Tsang, S. H. et al. Durability of cross-protection by different schedules of the bivalent HPV vaccine: the CVT trial. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 112, 1030–1037 (2020).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chowdhury, F. et al. A non-inferiority trial comparing two recombinant vaccines (Hepa-B vs. Engerix-B) for hepatitis B among adults in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Vaccine 39, 6385–6390 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Joura, E. A. et al. A 9-valent HPV vaccine against infection and intraepithelial neoplasia in women. N. Engl. J. Med. 372, 711–723 (2015).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gordon, D. M. et al. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a recombinantly produced Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein-hepatitis B surface antigen subunit vaccine. J. Infect. Dis. 171, 1576–1585 (1995).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • RTS,S Clinical Trials Partnership et al. First results of phase 3 trial of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in African children. N. Engl. J. Med. 365, 1863–1875 (2011).

  • Datoo, M. S. et al. Efficacy of a low-dose candidate malaria vaccine, R21 in adjuvant Matrix-M, with seasonal administration to children in Burkina Faso: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 397, 1809–1818 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fuenmayor, J., Godia, F. & Cervera, L. Production of virus-like particles for vaccines. N. Biotechnol. 39, 174–180 (2017).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pascha, M. N. et al. Nanoparticle display of neuraminidase elicits enhanced antibody responses and protection against influenza A virus challenge. NPJ Vaccines 9, 97 (2024).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wuertz, K. M. et al. A SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine protects hamsters against Alpha and Beta virus variant challenge. NPJ Vaccines 6, 129 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Arunachalam, P. S. et al. Adjuvanting a subunit COVID-19 vaccine to induce protective immunity. Nature 594, 253–258 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zakeri, B. & Howarth, M. Spontaneous intermolecular amide bond formation between side chains for irreversible peptide targeting. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 4526–4527 (2010).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Song, J. Y. et al. Immunogenicity and safety of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein nanoparticle vaccine GBP510 adjuvanted with AS03: interim results of a randomised, active-controlled, observer-blinded, phase 3 trial. EClinicalMedicine 64, 102140 (2023).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Tang, R. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 LYB001 RBD-based VLP vaccine (CHO cell) phase 1 in Chinese adults: a randomized, double-blind, positive-parallel-controlled study. Expert Rev. Vaccines 23, 498–509 (2024).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yin, Y. et al. Hepatitis B virus core particles displaying Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen ESAT-6 enhance ESAT-6-specific immune responses. Vaccine 29, 5645–5651 (2011).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dhanasooraj, D., Kumar, R. A. & Mundayoor, S. Vaccine delivery system for tuberculosis based on nano-sized hepatitis B virus core protein particles. Int. J. Nanomed. 8, 835–843 (2013).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhou, F. & Zhang, D. Nano-sized chimeric human papillomavirus-16 L1 virus-like particles displaying Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen Ag85B enhance Ag85B-specific immune responses in female C57BL/c mice. Viruses 15, 2123 (2023).

  • Wang, J. et al. Correction: Wang et al. A VLP-based vaccine displaying HBHA and MTP antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces potentially protective immune responses in M. tuberculosis H37Ra infected mice. Vaccines 11, 941 (2023).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kang, Y. F. et al. Rapid development of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain self-assembled nanoparticle vaccine candidates. ACS Nano 15, 2738–2752 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Li, Y. et al. A nanoparticle vaccine displaying varicella-zoster virus gE antigen induces a superior cellular immune response than a licensed vaccine in mice and non-human primates. Front. Immunol. 15, 1419634 (2024).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bruun, T. U. J., Andersson, A. C., Draper, S. J. & Howarth, M. Engineering a rugged nanoscaffold to enhance plug-and-display vaccination. ACS Nano 12, 8855–8866 (2018).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ma, X. et al. Nanoparticle vaccines based on the receptor binding domain (RBD) and heptad repeat (HR) of SARS-CoV-2 elicit robust protective immune responses. Immunity 53, 1315–1330 e1319 (2020).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Boyoglu-Barnum, S. et al. Quadrivalent influenza nanoparticle vaccines induce broad protection. Nature 592, 623–628 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Walls, A. C. et al. Elicitation of potent neutralizing antibody responses by designed protein nanoparticle vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Cell 183, 1367–1382 e1317 (2020).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Brune, K. D. et al. Plug-and-display: decoration of virus-like particles via isopeptide bonds for modular immunization. Sci. Rep. 6, 19234 (2016).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Putim, C. et al. Secretome profile analysis of multidrug-resistant, monodrug-resistant and drug-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Arch. Microbiol. 200, 299–309 (2018).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Karbalaei Zadeh Babaki, M., Soleimanpour, S. & Rezaee, S. A. Antigen 85 complex as a powerful Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunogene: biology, immune-pathogenicity, applications in diagnosis, and vaccine design. Micro Pathog. 112, 20–29 (2017).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lindestam Arlehamn, C. S., Lewinsohn, D., Sette, A. & Lewinsohn, D. Antigens for CD4 and CD8 T cells in tuberculosis. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 4, a018465 (2014).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Kremer, L., Maughan, W. N., Wilson, R. A., Dover, L. G. & Besra, G. S. The M. tuberculosis antigen 85 complex and mycolyltransferase activity. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 34, 233–237 (2002).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Veerapandian, R., Gadad, S. S., Jagannath, C. & Dhandayuthapani, S. Live attenuated vaccines against tuberculosis: targeting the disruption of genes encoding the secretory proteins of Mycobacteria. Vaccines 12, 530 (2024).

  • Singh, S., Saavedra-Avila, N. A., Tiwari, S. & Porcelli, S. A. A century of BCG vaccination: immune mechanisms, animal models, non-traditional routes and implications for COVID-19. Front. Immunol. 13, 959656 (2022).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Aghababa, H., Mobarez, A. M., Behmanesh, M., Khoramabadi, N. & Mobarhan, M. Production and purification of mycolyl transferase B of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tanaffos 10, 23–30 (2011).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dang, S. et al. Ag85a-S2 activates cGAS-STING signaling pathway in intestinal mucosal cells. Vaccines 10, 2170 (2022).

  • Pathan, A. A. et al. Boosting BCG with recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara expressing antigen 85A: different boosting intervals and implications for efficacy trials. PLoS ONE 2, e1052 (2007).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Chen, Z. et al. A multistage protein subunit vaccine as BCG-booster confers protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in murine models. Int. Immunopharmacol. 139, 112811 (2024).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jeyanathan, M. et al. Aerosol delivery, but not intramuscular injection, of adenovirus-vectored tuberculosis vaccine induces respiratory-mucosal immunity in humans. JCI Insight 7, e155655 (2022).

  • Huygen, K. The immunodominant T-cell epitopes of the mycolyl-transferases of the antigen 85 complex of M. tuberculosis. Front. Immunol. 5, 321 (2014).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Abdallah, A. M. et al. Type VII secretion-Mycobacteria show the way. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 5, 883–891 (2007).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yu, X. & Xie, J. Roles and underlying mechanisms of ESAT-6 in the context of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-host interaction from a systems biology perspective. Cell Signal. 24, 1841–1846 (2012).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liu, L. et al. Exploration of novel cellular and serological antigen biomarkers in the ORFeome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mol. Cell Proteom. 13, 897–906 (2014).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rueda, C. M., Marin, N. D., Garcia, L. F. & Rojas, M. Characterization of CD4 and CD8 T cells producing IFN-gamma in human latent and active tuberculosis. Tuberculosis 90, 346–353 (2010).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Petruccioli, E. et al. Characterization of the CD4 and CD8 T-cell response in the Quanti FERON-TB Gold Plus kit. Int. J. Mycobacteriol. 5, S25–S26 (2016).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Arlehamn, C. S. et al. Dissecting mechanisms of immunodominance to the common tuberculosis antigens ESAT-6, CFP10, Rv2031c (hspX), Rv2654c (TB7.7), and Rv1038c (EsxJ). J. Immunol. 188, 5020–5031 (2012).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Serafini, A., Pisu, D., Palu, G., Rodriguez, G. M. & Manganelli, R. The ESX-3 secretion system is necessary for iron and zinc homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 8, e78351 (2013).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Griffin, J. E. et al. High-resolution phenotypic profiling defines genes essential for Mycobacterial growth and cholesterol catabolism. PLoS Pathog. 7, e1002251 (2011).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Woodworth, J. S. et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis directs immunofocusing of CD8+ T cell responses despite vaccination. J. Immunol. 186, 1627–1637 (2011).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Staff, P. P. Correction: Human and murine clonal CD8+ T cell expansions arise during tuberculosis because of TCR selection. PLoS Pathog. 11, e1005144 (2015).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Skjot, R. L. et al. Epitope mapping of the immunodominant antigen TB10.4 and the two homologous proteins TB10.3 and TB12.9, which constitute a subfamily of the esat-6 gene family. Infect. Immun. 70, 5446–5453 (2002).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Skjot, R. L. et al. Comparative evaluation of low-molecular-mass proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis identifies members of the ESAT-6 family as immunodominant T-cell antigens. Infect. Immun. 68, 214–220 (2000).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lewinsohn, D. A. et al. Comprehensive definition of human immunodominant CD8 antigens in tuberculosis. NPJ Vaccines 2, 8 (2017).

  • Betts, J. C., Lukey, P. T., Robb, L. C., McAdam, R. A. & Duncan, K. Evaluation of a nutrient starvation model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis persistence by gene and protein expression profiling. Mol. Microbiol. 43, 717–731 (2002).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Govender, L. et al. Higher human CD4 T cell response to novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis latency associated antigens Rv2660 and Rv2659 in latent infection compared with tuberculosis disease. Vaccine 29, 51–57 (2010).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zakeri, B. et al. Peptide tag forming a rapid covalent bond to a protein, through engineering a bacterial adhesin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109, E690–E697 (2012).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Aves, K. L. & Sander, A. F. Design and purification of Tag/Catcher AP205-based capsid virus-like particle vaccines. Methods Mol. Biol. 2720, 127–141 (2024).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Ahlborg, N., Ling, I. T., Holder, A. A. & Riley, E. M. Linkage of exogenous T-cell epitopes to the 19-kilodalton region of Plasmodium yoelii merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1(19)) can enhance protective immunity against malaria and modulate the immunoglobulin subclass response to MSP1(19). Infect. Immun. 68, 2102–2109 (2000).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nazeri, S., Zakeri, S., Mehrizi, A. A., Sardari, S. & Djadid, N. D. Measuring of IgG2c isotype instead of IgG2a in immunized C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium vivax TRAP as a subunit vaccine candidate in order to correct interpretation of Th1 versus Th2 immune response. Exp. Parasitol. 216, 107944 (2020).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nazeri, S., Zakeri, S., Mehrizi, A. A. & Djadid, N. D. Naturally acquired immune responses to thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (TRAP) of Plasmodium vivax in patients from areas of unstable malaria transmission. Acta Trop. 173, 45–54 (2017).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Baldwin, S. L. et al. Therapeutic efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using ID93 and liposomal adjuvant formulations. Front. Microbiol.13, 935444 (2022).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Du, X. et al. A new poly(I:C)-decorated PLGA-PEG nanoparticle promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein to induce comprehensive immune responses in mice intranasally. Micro Pathog. 162, 105335 (2022).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Peralta-Alvarez, M. P. et al. MTBVAC induces superior antibody titers and IgG avidity compared to BCG vaccination in non-human primates. NPJ Vaccines 9, 230 (2024).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Brandt, L. et al. The protective effect of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine is increased by coadministration with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 72-kilodalton fusion polyprotein Mtb72F in M. tuberculosis-infected guinea pigs. Infect. Immun. 72, 6622–6632 (2004).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fan, X. et al. A novel multistage antigens ERA005f confer protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by driving Th-1 and Th-17 type T cell immune responses. Front. Immunol. 14, 1276887 (2023).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Li, W. et al. A recombinant adenovirus expressing CFP10, ESAT6, Ag85A and Ag85B of Mycobacterium tuberculosis elicits strong antigen-specific immune responses in mice. Mol. Immunol. 62, 86–95 (2014).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tkachuk, A. P. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of the GamTBvac, the recombinant subunit tuberculosis vaccine candidate: a phase II, multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Vaccines 8, 652 (2020).

  • Chen, S. et al. Particulate Mycobacterial vaccines induce protective immunity against tuberculosis in mice. Nanomaterials 11, 2060 (2021).

  • Mpande, C. A. M. et al. Immune profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T cells in recent and remote infection. EBioMedicine 64, 103233 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nemes, E. et al. Prevention of M. tuberculosis Infection with H4:IC31 vaccine or BCG revaccination. N. Engl. J. Med. 379, 138–149 (2018).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jenum, S. et al. A phase I/II randomized trial of H56:IC31 vaccination and adjunctive cyclooxygenase-2-inhibitor treatment in tuberculosis patients. Nat. Commun. 12, 6774 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zuniga, J. et al. Cellular and humoral mechanisms involved in the control of tuberculosis. Clin. Dev. Immunol. 2012, 193923 (2012).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Ma, J. et al. A multistage subunit vaccine effectively protects mice against primary progressive tuberculosis, latency and reactivation. EBioMedicine 22, 143–154 (2017).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Cooper, A. M. Cell-mediated immune responses in tuberculosis. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 27, 393–422 (2009).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chackerian, A. A., Perera, T. V. & Behar, S. M. Gamma interferon-producing CD4+ T lymphocytes in the lung correlate with resistance to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect. Immun. 69, 2666–2674 (2001).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Spreng, R. L. et al. Identification of RTS,S/AS01 vaccine-induced humoral biomarkers predictive of protection against controlled human malaria infection. JCI Insight. 9, e178801 (2024).

  • Day, C. L. et al. Induction and regulation of T-cell immunity by the novel tuberculosis vaccine M72/AS01 in South African adults. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 188, 492–502 (2013).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rodo, M. J. et al. A comparison of antigen-specific T cell responses induced by six novel tuberculosis vaccine candidates. PLoS Pathog. 15, e1007643 (2019).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Cao, X., Fu, Y. X. & Peng, H. Promising cytokine adjuvants for enhancing tuberculosis vaccine immunity. Vaccines 12, 477 (2024).

  • Urdahl, K. B. Understanding and overcoming the barriers to T cell-mediated immunity against tuberculosis. Semin. Immunol. 26, 578–587 (2014).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hu, Z. et al. The profile of T Cell responses in Bacille Calmette-Guerin-Primed mice boosted by a novel Sendai virus vectored anti-tuberculosis vaccine. Front. Immunol. 9, 1796 (2018).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Thacher, E. G. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of the M72/AS01 candidate tuberculosis vaccine in HIV-infected adults on combination antiretroviral therapy: a phase I/II, randomized trial. AIDS 28, 1769–1781 (2014).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Geldenhuys, H. et al. The tuberculosis vaccine H4:IC31 is safe and induces a persistent polyfunctional CD4 T cell response in South African adults: a randomized controlled trial. Vaccine 33, 3592–3599 (2015).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sander, C. R. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a new tuberculosis vaccine, MVA85A, in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected individuals. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 179, 724–733 (2009).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kirk, N. M. et al. Recombinant Pichinde viral vector expressing tuberculosis antigens elicits strong T cell responses and protection in mice. Front. Immunol. 14, 1127515 (2023).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Baldwin, S. L. et al. Protection and long-lived immunity induced by the ID93/GLA-SE vaccine candidate against a clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolate. Clin. Vaccin. Immunol. 23, 137–147 (2016).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Woodworth, J. S. et al. A Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific subunit vaccine that provides synergistic immunity upon co-administration with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Nat. Commun. 12, 6658 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Aagaard, C. et al. Immunization with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens bypasses T cell differentiation from prior Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination and improves protection in mice. J. Immunol. 205, 2146–2155 (2020).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rungelrath, V. et al. Vaccination with mincle agonist UM-1098 and Mycobacterial antigens induces protective Th1 and Th17 responses. NPJ Vaccines 9, 100 (2024).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tan, T. K. et al. A COVID-19 vaccine candidate using SpyCatcher multimerization of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain induces potent neutralising antibody responses. Nat. Commun. 12, 542 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • John, S. et al. Multi-antigenic human cytomegalovirus mRNA vaccines that elicit potent humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Vaccine 36, 1689–1699 (2018).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kuang, B. et al. Different antigen ratio in bivalent vaccine can affect immunological activation and protection against Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio anguillarum in Atlantic salmon. Fish. Shellfish Immunol. 128, 644–650 (2022).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • van Pinxteren, L. A., Cassidy, J. P., Smedegaard, B. H., Agger, E. M. & Andersen, P. Control of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is dependent on CD8 T cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 30, 3689–3698 (2000).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Villarreal-Ramos, B. et al. Investigation of the role of CD8+ T cells in bovine tuberculosis in vivo. Infect. Immun. 71, 4297–4303 (2003).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jia, Q., Maslesa-Galic, S., Nava, S. & Horwitz, M. A. Listeria-vectored multi-antigenic tuberculosis vaccine protects C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice and guinea pigs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. Commun. Biol. 5, 1388 (2022).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhou, S. et al. The adjuvant effect of manganese on tuberculosis subunit vaccine Bfrb-GrpE. NPJ Vaccines 9, 248 (2024).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chen, C. Y. et al. A critical role for CD8 T cells in a nonhuman primate model of tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog. 5, e1000392 (2009).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Woldemariam, T. et al. Zoonotic transmission of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex between cattle and humans in Central Ethiopia. Front. Vet. Sci. 12, 1527279 (2025).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Mohammed, T. et al. Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections in cattle and humans in the remote pastoral settings of southern Ethiopia. Front. Vet. Sci. 12, 1551710 (2025).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Riopel, N. D. et al. Characterization of Mycobacterium orygis, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium caprae infections in humans in western Canada. J. Infect. Dis. 230, e789–e797 (2024).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rani, I. et al. Mycobacterium orygis and its unseen impact: re-evaluating zoonotic tuberculosis in animal and human populations. Front. Public Health 13, 1505967 (2025).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Alba, P. et al. Genomics insights into a Mycobacterium pinnipedii isolate causing tuberculosis in a captive South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) from Italy. Front. Microbiol. 14, 1303682 (2023).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Kiers, A., Klarenbeek, A., Mendelts, B., Van Soolingen, D. & Koeter, G. Transmission of Mycobacterium pinnipedii to humans in a zoo with marine mammals. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 12, 1469–1473 (2008).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Van Der Meeren, O. et al. Phase 2b controlled trial of M72/AS01(E) vaccine to prevent tuberculosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 379, 1621–1634 (2018).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Kwon, K. W. et al. BCG-booster vaccination with HSP90-ESAT-6-HspX-RipA multivalent subunit vaccine confers durable protection against hypervirulent Mtb in mice. NPJ Vaccines 9, 55 (2024).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kwon, K. W. et al. Long-term protective efficacy with a BCG-prime ID93/GLA-SE boost regimen against the hyper-virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain K in a mouse model. Sci. Rep. 9, 15560 (2019).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Chong, P. et al. Production of EV71 vaccine candidates. Hum. Vaccin. Immunother. 8, 1775–1783 (2012).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Velez-Suberbie, M. L. et al. Holistic process development to mitigate proteolysis of a subunit rotavirus vaccine candidate produced in Pichia pastoris by means of an acid pH pulse during fed-batch fermentation. Biotechnol. Prog. 36, e2966 (2020).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Teo, A. K. J., Singh, S. R., Prem, K., Hsu, L. Y. & Yi, S. Duration and determinants of delayed tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment in high-burden countries: a mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir. Res. 22, 251 (2021).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Lv, H. et al. Further analysis of tuberculosis in eight high-burden countries based on the global burden of disease study 2021 data. Infect. Dis. Poverty 13, 70 (2024).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Bonam, S. R., Partidos, C. D., Halmuthur, S. K. M. & Muller, S. An overview of novel adjuvants designed for improving vaccine efficacy. Trends Pharm. Sci. 38, 771–793 (2017).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wang, Y. Q., Bazin-Lee, H., Evans, J. T., Casella, C. R. & Mitchell, T. C. MPL adjuvant contains competitive antagonists of human TLR4. Front. Immunol. 11, 577823 (2020).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Walkowicz, W. E. et al. Quillaja saponin variants with central glycosidic linkage modifications exhibit distinct conformations and adjuvant activities. Chem. Sci. 7, 2371–2380 (2016).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Stadtmauer, E. A. et al. A phase 1/2 study of an adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus subunit vaccine in autologous hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Blood 124, 2921–2929 (2014).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Vermont, C. L. et al. Antibody avidity and immunoglobulin G isotype distribution following immunization with a monovalent meningococcal B outer membrane vesicle vaccine. Infect. Immun. 70, 584–590 (2002).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lee, J. et al. CD11cHi monocyte-derived macrophages are a major cellular compartment infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog. 16, e1008621 (2020).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hu, Z. et al. A multistage Sendai virus vaccine incorporating latency-associated antigens induces protection against acute and latent tuberculosis. Emerg. Microbes Infect. 13, 2300463 (2024).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Source link

    Get RawNews Daily

    Stay informed with our RawNews daily newsletter email

    Liverpool defender left out of World Cup squad

    Madonna Covering Rent For Musicians Working At Her Old NYC Rehearsal Space

    Up 16.5%! Here’s why Hollywood Bowl stock smashed the FTSE 250 today

    Trump says Iran would not get sanctions relief in exchange for giving up enriched uranium