Zhang, Y. et al. Clinical analysis of 76 patients pathologically diagnosed with pulmonary cryptococcosis. Eur. Respir J. 40 (5), 1191–1200 (2012).
Setianingrum, F., Rautemaa-Richardson, R. & Denning, D. W. Pulmonary cryptococcosis: a review of pathobiology and clinical aspects. Med. Mycol. 57 (2), 133–150 (2019).
Chen, F., Liu, Y. B., Fu, B. J., Lv, F. J. & Chu, Z. G. Clinical and computed tomography (CT) characteristics of pulmonary nodules caused by Cryptococcal infection. Infect. Drug Resist. 14, 4227–4235 (2021).
Nadrous, H. F., Antonios, V. S., Terrell, C. L. & Ryu, J. H. Pulmonary cryptococcosis in nonimmunocompromised patients. Chest 124 (6), 2143–2147 (2003).
Kiertiburanakul, S., Wirojtananugoon, S., Pracharktam, R. & Sungkanuparph, S. Cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 10, 72–78 (2006).
Chang, C. C., Sorrell, T. C. & Chen, S. C. Pulmonary cryptococcosis. Semin Respir Crit. Care Med. 36, 681–691 (2015).
Xinqiang, G., Hongxia, Z., Wenmin, H. & Hui, W. Pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-HIV-infected individuals: HRCT characteristics in 58 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 103 (26), e38671 (2024).
Eremiev, S. et al. Pulmonary cryptococcosis mimicking lung Cancer. Open. Respir Arch. 4 (2), 100154 (2022).
Yan, Y. et al. Lesion size as a prognostic factor in the antifungal treatment of pulmonary cryptococcosis: a retrospective study with chest CT pictorial review of 2-year follow up. BMC Infect. Dis. 23 (1), 153 (2023).
Bankier, A. A. et al. Glossary of terms for thoracic imaging. Radiology 310 (2), e232558 (2024).
Hou, X. et al. Pulmonary cryptococcosis characteristics in immunocompetent patients-A 20-year clinical retrospective analysis in China. Mycoses 62, 937–944 (2019).
Galanis, E., Macdougall, L., Kidd, S., Morshed, M. & British Columbia Cryptococcus gattii Working Group. Epidemiology of Cryptococcus gattii, British columbia, canada, 1999–2007. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 16, 251–257 (2010).
Secombe, C. J., Lester, G. D. & Krockenberger, M. B. Equine pulmonary cryptococcosis: A comparative literature review and evaluation of fluconazole monotherapy. Mycopathologia 182 (3–4), 413–423 (2017).
Chowdhary, A., Rhandhawa, H. S., Prakash, A. & Meis, J. F. Environmental prevalence of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus Gattii in india: an update. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 38 (1), 1–16 (2012).
Deng, H. et al. Clinical features and radiological characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis. J. Int. Med. Res. 46, 2687–2695 (2018).
Xie, L. X., Chen, Y. S., Liu, S. Y. & Shi, Y. X. Pulmonary cryptococcosis: comparison of CT findings in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Acta Radiol. 56, 447–453 (2015).
Qu, J., Zhang, X., Lu, Y., Liu, X. & Lv, X. Clinical analysis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis in Western China. Sci. Rep. 10 (1), 9387 (2020).
Choi, H. S., Kim, Y. H., Jeong, W. G., Lee, J. E. & Park, H. M. Clinicoradiological features of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients. J. Korean Soc. Radiol. 84 (1), 253–262 (2023).
Xiong, P., Huang, C., Zhong, L. & Huang, L. Clinical and imaging characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis: a comparative analysis of 118 non-AIDS patients in China. Med. Mycol. 61 (3), myad019 (2023).
Yoon, H. A., Felsen, U., Wang, T. & Pirofski, L. A. Cryptococcus neoformans infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIVuninfected patients at an inner-city tertiary care hospital in the Bronx. Med. Mycol. 58, 434–443 (2020).
Hu, Y., Ren, S. Y., Xiao, P., Yu, F. L. & Liu, W. L. The clinical and radiological characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. BMC Pulm Med. 21, 1–7 (2021).
Wang, R. Y. et al. Cryptococcosis in patients with hematological diseases: a 14-year retrospective clinical analysis in a Chinese tertiary hospital. BMC Infect. Dis. 17 (1), 463 (2017).
Sui, X. et al. Clinical features of pulmonary cryptococcosis in thin-section CT in immunocompetent and non-AIDS immunocompromised patients. Radiol. Med. 125 (1), 31–38 (2020).
Zinck, S. E., Leung, A. N., Frost, M., Berry, G. J. & Müller, N. L. Pulmonary cryptococcosis: CT and pathologic findings. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 26, 330–334 (2002).
Xiong, C., Lu, J., Chen, T. & Xu, R. Comparison of the clinical manifestations and chest CT findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med. 22 (1), 415 (2022).
Chang, W. C. et al. Pulmonary cryptococcosis: comparison of clinical and radiographic characteristics in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Chest 129 (2), 333–340 (2006).
Fang, L. F., Zhang, P. P., Wang, J., Yang, Q. & Qu, T. T. Clinical and Microbiological characteristics of cryptococcosis at an university hospital in China from 2013 to 2017. Braz J. Infect. Dis. 24 (1), 7–12 (2020).
Lindell, R. M., Hartman, T. E., Nadrous, H. F. & Ryu, J. H. Pulmonary cryptococcosis: CT findings in immunocompetent patients. Radiology 236 (1), 326–331 (2005).
Shi, J. et al. Retrospective analysis of pulmonary cryptococcosis and extrapulmonary cryptococcosis in a Chinese tertiary hospital. BMC Pulm Med. 23, 277 (2023).
Iyer, K. R., Revie, N. M., Fu, C., Robbins, N. & Cowen, L. E. Treatment strategies for Cryptococcal infection: challenges, advances and future outlook. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 19 (7), 454–466 (2021).
Cao, W., Jian, C., Zhang, H. & Xu, S. Comparison of clinical features and prognostic factors of Cryptococcal meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans in patients with and without pulmonary nodules. Mycopathologia 184, 73–80 (2019).
Zhang, J. et al. Clinical analysis of 16 cases of pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients with normal immune function. Ann. Palliat. Med. 9, 1117–1124 (2020).
Lu, Y. et al. Clinical characteristics and image features of pulmonary cryptococcosis: a retrospective analysis of 50 cases in a Chinese hospital. BMC Pulm Med. 22, 137 (2022).
Yamamura, D. & Xu, J. Update on pulmonary cryptococcosis. Mycopathologia 186 (5), 717–728 (2021).
Perfect, J. R. et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of Cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis. 50 (3), 291–322 (2010).
